Comparison library
Comparisons focus on pairs that are easy to confuse in real decisions. Each page starts from evidence-reviewed canonical entries and shows what changes, what to record, and how to tell the patterns apart.
Available comparisons
Evidence-reviewed comparison
Both distort retrospective judgment after the result is known, but they target different questions. Hindsight bias makes the result look more predictable in retrospect; outcome bias makes the decision itself look better or worse because the result was good or bad.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both let a known result reshape a retrospective judgment, but the target is different. Outcome bias changes how good or bad a decision process looks; moral luck changes blame, praise, punishment, or moral responsibility while also depending on the actor's intentions, beliefs, causal role, and controllable risk.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both can involve resistance to evidence, but they are not the same construct. Confirmation bias is a broad family of search, testing, interpretation, and memory tendencies shaped by existing beliefs; the backfire effect is the narrower outcome in which a correction makes belief in the targeted false claim stronger.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both happen in the context of correcting misinformation, but they describe different outcomes. Continued influence means the correction helps yet some influence of the old information remains. Backfire is the narrower case where the correction makes belief in the targeted false claim stronger.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both can distort AI-assisted decisions, but the error is different. Anchoring pulls a judgment toward a starting value; automation bias is inappropriate reliance on automated advice or cues.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both can make familiar information influential, but they affect different judgments. Availability uses accessible examples as a cue for frequency or probability; illusory truth is the tendency for repeated statements to be judged as more true than comparable new statements.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Confirmation Bias is a broad umbrella for belief-consistent search and interpretation. Congruence Bias is narrower: it concerns choosing a hypothesis test that fits the favored explanation but does not discriminate well among competing explanations.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both are often discussed around expertise, but they concern different judgments. Curse of Knowledge is about estimating another person's knowledge after you already know something. Dunning–Kruger research is about calibration between a person's own performance and their self-assessment.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both can make the past look better than the present, but they operate at different levels. Declinism is a broad label for judging a domain, society, institution, or era as having declined. Rosy Retrospection is a narrower event-memory pattern in which a specific past experience is remembered more positively than it was experienced at the time.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both can change choices without changing the core product, but they work through different choice structures. A decoy changes the comparison between options by adding another alternative; a default changes what happens when the person does not actively choose something else.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both can make one option unusually sticky, but they are not the same. A default is the option or outcome that applies if no active choice is made. Status quo bias is the broader tendency to give extra weight to the option that is already current or in place.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both show that presentation can shape judgment, but the mechanism being tested is different. Framing changes how equivalent information or outcomes are described; anchoring tests how a starting numerical value pulls a later estimate toward it.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both can make stopping, switching or giving something up feel difficult, but they ask different questions. Loss aversion concerns how prospective losses are valued relative to comparable gains around a reference point. Sunk cost effect concerns whether irrecoverable past investment is influencing the current choice.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
The two ideas overlap, but they answer different questions. Sunk cost effect asks whether irrecoverable past investment is influencing the current choice; escalation of commitment describes a broader pattern of persisting or investing more after setbacks.
Open comparisonEvidence-reviewed comparison
Both can make a metric misleading, but the failure is different. Surrogation happens when people start treating a performance measure as though it were the goal or construct itself. Systematic bias is a consistent or predictable deviation in a measurement, estimate, sample, or process relative to a target or reference.
Open comparison